blame“责备；责怪”，指某人应对自己不好的行为负责（常与for连用），或将某件不好的事情归咎于他人（常与on或upon连用），往往含有把自己当作评判人来评判某事，没有用言语来进行责骂的意思。例如：

He blamed Tom for the failure．              他责怪汤姆造成了失败。

Don't blame it on him, but on me． 别怪他，该怪我。

Ø scold“责骂”，指唠唠叨叨地数说某人，多用于上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的“责骂”。例如：

Don't scold the child．It's not his fault． 不要责骂那孩子，这不是他的过失。

I hate to scold, son, but you mustn't stay out so late at night．

我不喜欢斥责，孩子，可你不该呆在外面那么晚不回家。

l   blow down; blow in; blow off; blow over Ø blow down表示“吹倒”、“刮倒”；blow in表示“吹进”、“吹入”；blow off表示“吹掉”、“炸掉”、“发泄”；blow over表示“?暴风雨　吹散”、“过去”、“结束”。

[EXERCISES]

1) The high winds yesterday ＿＿＿＿＿ thousands of trees． 2) We sometimes had quarrels, but they soon ＿＿＿＿＿． 3) I had my hat ＿＿＿＿ by the wind． 4) A lot of dust ＿＿＿＿．You must clear it away． Key: 1) blew down  2) blew over  3) blown off   4) has blown in

 

Ø break up表示“打碎”、“变坏”、“分解”、“终止”、“破裂”。

Ø break down表示“瓦解”、“分解”、“失败”、“出故障”、“破坏”、“拆毁”。

Ø break out表示“爆发”、“突然发生”。

Ø break into表示“强行进入”、“闯入”、“破门而入”、“打断（谈话、讨论）”、“突然……起来”。

Ø break in表示“闯入”、“打断”、“插嘴”，其中in是副词。

Ø break away表示“脱逃”、“脱离”、“突然离开”、“革除”、“戒除”，常与from连用。

Ø break through表示“战胜”、“突围”、“穿过……而出现”、“突破”。

［练］

①He said his computer ＿＿＿＿＿．

②Those old cars will be ＿＿＿＿ for scrap(废铁)．

③Last night somebody ＿＿＿＿ Mr Brown's house and took away many things．

④A fire ＿＿＿＿ after we had gone home．

⑤The boy often ＿＿＿＿ while his parents are speaking．

⑥You must ＿＿＿＿ from bad habits．

⑦After the heavy rain the sun ＿＿＿＿ the clouds．

⑧A thief ＿＿＿＿ and stole a lot of things last night．

⑨Tom ＿＿＿＿the motor bike which he bought five years ago．

⑩The ice began to ＿＿＿＿ on the river．

(Key:①had broken down   ②broken up   ③broke into   ④broke out   ⑤breaks in 
⑥break away   ⑦broke through   ⑧broke in   ⑨broke down   ⑩break up)

 l      bring on；bring in；bring out

Ø bring on 使发生；引起；端上（饭菜）。如：

Tom often brings on meals and his brother，Jim picks up the dishes after meals．

汤姆常常端上饭菜，（而）他弟弟吉姆饭后收拾碗碟。

The sudden cold weather brought on his cold again． 天气突然变冷，使他再次感冒。

Ø bring in 引来；引进；吸收。如：

His new business brings in 1，000 dollars． 他的新生意使他赚了一千美元。

We also brought in some words from English． 我们也从英语中吸收了一些词汇。

Ø bring out 取出；说出；阐明；出版。如：

He brought out his gun and pointed at me．他掏出枪来指着我。

Bring out the meaning more clearly．请把意思讲清楚些。

They have brought out a set of children’s books．他们出版了一套儿童读物。

 l   bring down; bring back; bring up; bring in Ø bring down表示“使倒下”、“减少”、“降低（价格、温度）”；Ø bring back表示“使回想起”、“归还”、“带回来”；Ø bring up表示“呕吐出”、“养育”；Ø bring in表示“把．．．．．．引进来”、“赚入”、“获利”、“把．．．．．．拿进来”、“吸收”。

[EXERCISES]

1) Her singing ＿＿＿＿＿ memories of my mother． 2) They also ＿＿＿＿ some words from their own languages． 3) The wind ＿＿＿＿ a number of trees． 4) He ＿＿＿＿＿ all he had eaten． 5) Can you try to get them to ＿＿＿＿ the price﹖ 6) All library books must be ＿＿＿＿ before June 25． 7) Mr White ＿＿＿＿ ＄500 a week． 8) You must manage to ＿＿＿＿＿ the temperature． Key: 1) brings back    2) brought in      3) brought down      4) brought up      5) bring down     6) brought back    7) is bringing in    8) bring down  

 l   broad; wide

Ø 两者都表示两边或两点之间的距离都有“宽的”之意，但broad着重某物覆盖面的范围 (如肩、背、胸等的宽)，还可表示“宽宏大量”；wide着重指边沿间相隔的距离以及“广泛”之意。如：

Looking at the new-type camera, the young man with broad shoulders was surprised with his mouth wide open.

看着那个新型相机，那个肩宽背阔的年轻人惊奇得张大了嘴巴。

He’s a broad-minded person; he’ll never be disappointed by such a small failure．

他是个心胸宽广的人；决不会因为那么一次小小的失败而感到失望。

 l      but／howeverØ 这两个连词都有“但是，可是，然而”之意。but连接两个分句或有关部分，表示转折或逻辑上的对比关系，使用最广，口语中更为常见。如：

We love peace but we are not afraid of war．我们热爱和平，但我们并不害怕战争。

Ø however转折意味比but弱，连接的两个分句或有关部分的关系较为松弛，后一部分常起附带说明或衬托作用。however常以插入语形式出现在句子中间，前后用逗号隔开，也可置于句首或句末。如：

Later，however，he decided to go．可是后来他决定去了。

Ø by oneself＝alone，without help。强调“在无他人或他物的情况下”或“无帮助的情况下”；

Ø oneself作同位语，表示强调本人。