l complete; finish
Ø finish是普通用语,用得比较广泛,可作及物动词或不及物动词,多用来指“完成”一项任务或活动,后面可接名词、代词或-ing,不接不定式。例如:
Have you finished your work﹖ 你的工作完成了吗?
He finished writing the letter last night.这封信他是昨晚完成的。
Ø complete一般用作及物动词,用法较正式,通常用来表示完成某个计划、理想、事业、工程、建筑、书籍及作品等,后面可接名词或代词,不接-ing或不定式。例如:
He’s never completed a project on time. 他从未按时完成过计划。
The bridge is not completed yet. 这座桥至今尚未完工。
Ø 表示完成学业、精细的工作、吃完某物及在被动结构中表示“一切都完了;没希望了”等意时,均用finish。例如:
He finished school in 1991. 他1991年从学校毕业。
The wood-work is beautifully finished. 这件木器做得很精细。
注意:complete a book的意思是“写完一本书”;finish a book意为“看完一本书”。
l common ordinary general 都含“普通的”意思。
Ø common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”,
如:Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。
Øordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”,
如:His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。
Ø general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”,
如:This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist.
这本书是为一般读者写的, 不是为专家写的。
Ønormal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”,
如:the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常体温
l compare…with; compar…to; compared with/to
Ø compare…with意为“把……与……相比”,侧重指两者间的区别。
如:Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them.
把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比较,你就会发现它们之间的区别。
Ø compare…to…意为“把……比作……”,着重注意两者间的相似点。如:
This song compares our country to a big family.这首歌把我们的国家比作一个大家庭。
Ø compare既可以单独用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词时,以compare with…形式出现,表示“与……相比”。如:
Living here can’t compare with living in Shanghai.在这儿生活不能和在上海(生活)相比。
If you compare the two words, you can tell the difference between them.
如果你比较这两个单词,你就会辨别出它们之间的不同。
Ø compared with…和compared to…都可用作状语,意义基本相同,可互换。如:
Compared to/with him, you are lucky. 与他相比,你是幸运的。
It was a small town then, compared to/with what it is now. 和现在比起来,那时它还是个小镇。
l cover; interview Ø 两者都可用作动词,意为“采访”,cover的宾语是事情;interview的宾语是人。如: Reporters are then sent to cover the events.然后记者们就被派去采访这些事件。 He interviewed five people in the morning.他上午采访了五个人。
l country; nation; state; land
Ø country意为“国家;国土”,侧重指版图;疆域。如:
China is a great country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的伟大国家。
注意:country含义广泛,适合各种文体,也可代替本组中的任何一个词,有时作“祖国”解,带有感情色彩。如:
After many years abroad, he wanted to return to his country.在国外呆了多年后,他想回到自己的祖国。
Some parts of this country (land) are much warmer than others.该国某些地区的气候较其他地区温暖得多。
Ø nation意为“民族;国家”,侧重指人民;国民;民族。如:
The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news.听到这一噩耗,全国人民悲痛万分。
注意:在国际交往等正式场合,nation语体庄重,比country常用。如:
the United Nations (UN) 联合国 the law of nations 国际公法
a most favored nation 最惠国
Trade between nations is much better than war.国与国之间进行贸易往来比兵戎相见好得多。
Ø state意为“国家;政府”,侧重指政权;政体。如:
In our country, railways are state-owned. 在我国铁路为国家所有。
Ø land意为“国土;国家”,带有感情色彩,多用于文学作品中。如:
This is my native land.I’ll defend it with my life! 这是我的祖国,我要用自己的生命保卫她!
l cross; across; crossing
Ø cross作动词用时,意思是“横过”。如:
They are crossing the river. 他们正在过河。
The idea has just crossed my mind. 这个主意是我刚才想到的。
cross作名词用时,指“十字形的东西”。
Ø across可作介词或副词,意为“横穿,横过”。如:
They pushed the cart across the bridge. 他们推着车过桥。
The post office is across the street.邮局在街道对面。
Ø crossing意为“横穿,交叉,十字路口,人行横道”。如:
They are standing at a crossing.他们正站在十字路口。
l cut off; cut up; cut through Ø cut off表示“隔绝”、“断绝”、“(电路)切断”、“剪下”、“砍掉”;Ø cut up表示“切割开来”、“切碎”、“使难过”;Ø cut through表示“凿穿”、“穿过”、“穿透”。
[EXERCISES]
1) The building ____ our view. 2) We are going to ____ the mountain to build a free way here. 3) She _____ the cake and gave each of us a piece. 4) He ____ some flowers from the bush. Key: 1) cut off 2) cut through 3) cut up 4) cut off