l point to/ point outØ point to表示“指向”、“指着”,其中to表示方向;point out表示“指出”。EXERCISES:①Mr Li . ②Can you ? (Keys:①points to ②point out) l possibly; probably; perhaps; maybe 这几个副词都有“可能”的意思,用法如下:Ø possible“或许;也许”,所指的可能性较小,为加强语气,可与can或could连用;与may连用,表示的可能性更小。例如: my mistakesone of these things
It may possibly be true.也许是真的。
Please call me as soon as you possibly can.请尽快给我打电话。
Could you possibly tell me the answer﹖你能告诉我这个答案吗?
Ø probably“很有可能;十之八九”,其语义较强,可能性较大。在否定句中,probably不能紧跟在否定词之后。例如:
It will probably be fine tomorrow.明天大概会是晴天。
译:她大概不会来这里。
正:Probably she won’t come here.
正:She probably won’t come here.
正:She won’t come here probably.
误:She won’t probably come here.
Ø perhaps“或许”,含有“可能这样,也可能不这样”之意,其含义和用法与maybe一样,多用于口语。maybe多用于美国英语。在这几个单词中,语义最强的是probably,其次是perhaps和maybe,最弱的是possibly。例如:
Perhaps we will be late for work.或许我们上班会迟到。
Perhaps we’d better take a bus.也许我们最好乘公共汽车。
l power force strength 都含"力"、"力量"的意思。
Ø power 指"身体上、精神上或心理上的力量, 不管是表现出来的还是潜在的", 如:
It's beyond his power. 这是他力所不及的。
Ø force 指"运用或发挥出来的力量, 可以克服阻力, 使人或物按要求方向运动", 如:
He did it with a great force. 他用了很大的力才把它做完了。
Ø strength 指"内部固有的力量", 表示物质力量时, 着重"体格或构造健全、完善等方面的力量, 如体力强度等"; 表示精神力量时, 指"持久、坚定、无畏、坚韧等", 如:
the strength to lift something 举起某物的力。
l prefer…to…;prefer to… rather than… Ø 两个动词短语均可作“喜欢……而不喜欢……”或“宁愿……而不愿……”解,其后均可接名词。例如: I prefer volleyball to basketball(=I prefer to volleyball rather than basketball). 我喜欢排球而不喜欢篮球。 Ø 主要区别在于:prefer…to…之后接动词时,均用-ing形式。例如: He prefers walking to cycling. 他宁愿步行而不愿骑自行车。 Ø 而prefer to…rather than…之后接动词时,均要用动词原形。例如: Liu Hulan preferred to die rather than surrender before the enemy. 刘胡兰在敌人面前宁死不屈。 Xiao Wu prefers to work rather than sit idle. 小吴喜欢工作而不喜欢闲坐。
l prepare;prepare for;prepare…for;be prepared for;be(get)ready
Ø prepare sth.意为“准备某事”?强调准备的过程或动作,宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者;另有“配置、调制”之意。
Ø prepare for意为“为……作准备”,for后面的宾语是准备的目的,即所要应付的情况。
Ø prepare sth.for意为“为……做好准备”。
Ø be prepared for强调准备好的状态。
Ø be(get)ready意为“准备好”,着重指准备的结果。be(get)ready to do还有“乐于干……”的意思。
[EXERCISES]
1.We ____ the mid-term examination.
2.Wheat can be ____ in many different ways.
3.The students ____ their lessons ____ the exam.
4.Can you ____ your future job?
5.He ____ always ____ to help others.
6.Miss Li said,“Everyone should ____ before class.”
7.Mother ____ lunch in the kitchen.
ANSWER: 1.are preparing for 2.prepared 3.are preparing…for 4.be prepared for
5.is…ready 6.be ready 7.is preparing
l prize;medal Ø prize是表示“奖品”或“奖(彩)金”之意。例如: Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. 1921年,爱因斯坦获得了诺贝尔物理奖。 She took the first prize for her singing. 她获得了唱歌一等奖。 Ø 而medal是指“奖牌(章)”或“勋章”。例如: Carl Lew is won four gold medals. 卡尔·刘易斯夺得四块金牌。 A medal was given to the brave fighter. 勋章授给了那位英勇的战士。
l put; place; lay 三个词都能作“放”解,细微的差别在于: Ø put常指把某物弄到某个地方,并把它留在那里。如:
Please put the umbrella behind the door.请把伞放在门后。
Ø place主要指把东西放在一定的位置上。如:
She placed the table in the middle of the room.她把桌子放在房间的中央。
Ø lay常指把某物平放在某处。如:
She laid the table for lunch.她摆好桌子准备吃饭。
*注意下面几个动词的词形、词性及意义的区别。如: ü lie (vi).-lied-lied-lying 撒谎。如:
He has lied since his childhood.他从小就一直撒谎。
ü lie(vi.) lay-lain-lying 躺;位于。如:
He lay on the floor, reading a book.他躺在地板上看书。
ü lay (vt.) laid-laid-laying 放;搁。如:
He laid the book on the table.他把书放在桌子上。